Table 2–2. Clinical findings suggesting obstructive airway disease.
Adjusted Likelihood Ratios
Factor Present Factor Absent
> 40 pack-years smoking 11.6 0.9
Age ≥ 45 years 1.4 0.5
Maximum laryngeal height ≤ 4 cm 3.6 0.7
All three factors 58.5 0.3
Reproduced, with permission, from Straus SE et al. The accuracy of patient history, wheezing, and laryngeal measurements in diagnosing obstructive airway disease. CARE-COAD1 Group. Clinical Assessment of the Reliability of the Examination—Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease. JAMA. 2000 Apr 12;283(14):1853–7.
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