Common Symptoms Table 2–2.

Table 2–2. Clinical findings suggesting obstructive airway disease.

                                                                            Adjusted Likelihood Ratios
                                                                         Factor Present            Factor Absent

               > 40 pack-years smoking                        11.6                              0.9          
               Age ≥ 45 years                                          1.4                              0.5          
Maximum laryngeal height    ≤ 4 cm                       3.6                              0.7         
All three factors                                                      58.5                              0.3         
Reproduced, with permission, from Straus SE et al. The accuracy of patient history, wheezing, and laryngeal measurements in diagnosing obstructive airway disease. CARE-COAD1 Group. Clinical Assessment of the Reliability of the Examination—Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease. JAMA. 2000 Apr 12;283(14):1853–7.